The European Commission has published guidelines on the AI system definition which explain the practical application of the definition in Article 3(1) of the AI Act: “a machine-based system that is designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy and that may exhibit adaptiveness after deployment and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from…
High Court rules on targeting advertising to “recovering online gambling addict”
The High Court has ruled in the case of RTM v Bonne Terre Ltd and Another EWHC 111 (KB). The claimant RTM described himself as a recovering online gambling addict. He was a private individual with no national profile. He was anonymised in the litigation because of the risk that the privacy interests he was…
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The Rise of AI Agents: Pizza, Parameters and Problems

JJ Shaw on the rise of the AI agent and some legal issues to watch out for. “AI Agents” are making a case to become the new buzzword for 2025. These autonomous AI-powered tools can act on a user’s behalf, performing online tasks and making independent decisions with minimal human input. Whilst AI agents are…
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This Week’s Techlaw News Round-Up
UK law ICO issues direct marketing guidance tool The ICO has launched a free online tool to help organisations ensure their direct marketing activities comply with UK law – including the Privacy and Electronic Communication Regulations (PECR), and the UK GDPR. The tool has been designed with small organisations in mind, who might have less…
Treasury Committee calls for evidence about use of AI in financial services
The Bank of England has published statistics which show that 75% of firms are already using AI, with a further 10% planning to use it over the next three years. Therefore, the House of Commons Treasury Select Committee has launched an inquiry to explore how UK financial services can take advantage of the opportunities in…
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European Commission publishes guidance on prohibited AI practices under AI Act
The European Commission has published guidelines which provide an overview of AI practices that are deemed unacceptable due to their potential risks to European values and fundamental rights. The AI Act, which aims to promote innovation while ensuring high levels of health, safety, and fundamental rights protection, classifies AI systems into different risk categories, including…
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This Week’s Techlaw News Round-up
UK law Gambling Commission issues industry warning notice about licensed software appearing on illegal market The Gambling Commission has issued an industry warning notice about licensed software appearing on illegal markets. The Commission said that it knows about casino games supplied by licensed operators appearing on unlicensed websites available to consumers in Grean Britain illegally….
ICO issues guidance on consent or pay models
The ICO has issued guidance on “consent or pay” models. The ICO intends the guidance to provide clarity and advice for any organisation currently operating, or considering, a “consent or pay” model in the UK. “Consent or pay” models present people with a choice. People can: The ICO says that if you are implementing a…
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CMA independent inquiry group publishes provisional findings in cloud services market investigation
The Competition and Markets Authority’s independent inquiry group has published provisional findings following its review of cloud services. It has provisionally found that competition is not working as well as it could be, which may be leading to higher costs, less choice, less innovation and lower quality of service for businesses and organisations across the…
CMA to investigate Apple and Google’s mobile ecosystems
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has launched strategic market status (SMS) investigations in a second area of digital activity: mobile ecosystems. Two investigations into Apple and Google respectively will assess in parallel their position in their respective “mobile ecosystems” which include the operating systems, app stores and browsers that operate on mobile devices. The…
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